What Is Psoriasis?
Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory skin disorder that occurs at any age in both men and women. The word psoriasis comes from a Greek word that means “to itch.” However, psoriasis often does not itch. Psoriasis can be a enduring problem which tends to run in families. It is not an infection and nor is it contagious. People with psoriasis usually go through periods of embarrassment, frustration, and depression.
Pathology
Usually, skin cells mature and shed after about a month. While in psoriasis, the cell matures rapidly, taking only three to four days. As the lower layer of skin cells divide more rapidly than normal, dead cells collect in thicker patches on the skin’s outermost layer.
Risk Factors
The risk factors that are involved in psoriasis are as follows:
- Family history
- Certain medical conditions
- Stress levels
- Excessive weight
- Heavy smoking
Causes
Both genetic and environmental factors are considered as the causative factors for psoriasis.
The causes can be - abnormality in the mechanism in which the skin grows and replaces itself; abnormality with the metabolism of amino acids; Use of certain medicines such as lithium, beta-blockers such as propranolol, quinidine (a heart medication) or antimalarial medications; Infections; Skin injury; Climatic change; Heredity factors and Physical and emotional stress.
Area of Affection
Commonly occurs on pressure points such as the elbows, knees, knuckles, scalp, trunk, arms, legs, external sex organs, fingernails and toenails.
Signs and Symptoms
The signs and symptoms may vary from person to person. The skin flaking that occurs in psoriasis is known as scaling. Initially, a few small, flaky patches known as plaques appear. Gradually, these plaques enlarge and increase in number.
There is an appearance of red patches of skin which are covered with silvery scales. The skin may be dry, cracked and may bleed. Nails may appear to be thickened, rough, pitted or ridged. Joints are swollen and stiff.
Types of Psoriasis
There are various different types of psoriasis which are classified based on the location of appearance of lesions, type of lesions, etc. They are - Chronic stable plaque of psoriasis, Guttate psoriasis, Pustular psoriasis, Flexure psoriasis, Palmer and planter psoriasis, Scalp and nails psoriasis and Psoriatic arthritis.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of psoriasis can be done by examining the skin and noting the specific characteristics of the lesions. Biopsy of the lesion can be done and the skin can be examined under a microscope.
Treatment
Occasionally, psoriasis goes into spontaneous remission without treatment. But usually topical therapy, phototherapy, internal medications can be used. The triggering factor if available should be eliminated. Take a well balanced diet including fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and grains.
Diet
Diet plays a vital role in psoriasis. A diet rich in antioxidants, zinc, folate, copper, beta-carotene and omega-3 fatty acids, can help in the management and prevention of psoriasis. Diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables and low in animal protein may be beneficial. Bitter gourd, curd, boiled vegetables pumpkin these are effective. Alcohol, prepared meats, sausages, pre-spiced meats, pickles, pickled spices and peppers, nut-based pastries, chocolate-based products, etc should be avoided.
Self Care
- The skin should be kept lubricated. Oils, creams and petroleum jelly preparations are recommended.
- Expose only the areas of your body with active psoriasis to sun.
- Bathing in hot water may help decrease scaling.
- Use mild soaps or soap-free cleaners.
- Minimize stress.
- Protect against skin injuries and skin infections.
- Consume cod liver oil, lecithin, linseed oil, vitamin E, and zinc to hasten the healing process.
- Use Cabbage leaves or buttermilk compresses over the affected parts.
- Avoid harsh skin products and lotions that contain alcohol. They may dry the skin and make psoriasis worse.
- Keep the affected towel, clothes separate and clean.
